... of geometric variables. Since geometric deviations exist at various positions on three-dimensional blades, accurately describing them would necessitate a high-dimensional geometric deviation space. To investigate high-dimensional uncertainty problems, an efficient adjoint-based UQ method is proposed...

... by identifying the correct nozzle setting. In this step, geometric variability is included through mis-staggering. It is applied linearly to a blade with respect to the geometric center at each radial level with the highest magnitude at the tip section. The single-blade mode shapes deployed during step 2...