Abstract
A combined experimental and analytical investigation is conducted to develop a mechanism-based general friction theory for PTFE/PEEK composite. The PTFE/PEEK composites with PTFE and PEEK volume contents ranged from 0% to 100% were fabricated; their microstructure features were examined and recorded; and their friction coefficients were determined by sliding friction experiments. From the observed microstructure features of PTFE/PEEK composite with different PTFE and PEEK volume contents and the well-recognized unique “band” morphology and sliding deformation mechanisms of the semi-crystalline PTFE, associated “apparent” sliding friction behavior is ascribed to the PTFE material in accordance with its volume content in the composite. A mechanism-based general friction theory is developed for PTFE/PEEK composite based on the associated “apparent” friction coefficient of the PTFE phase in composite. The general friction theory is validated through the excellent agreement obtained between the analytical predictions of composite friction coefficients and the comprehensive experimental results obtained from the sliding friction tests conducted in-house with a pin-on-disk tribometer, and also from those (obtained with different types of tribo-testers) reported in the literature.
References
1.
Dhanumalayan
, E.
, and Joshi
, G. M.
, 2018
, “Performance Properties and Applications of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)—A Review
,” Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater.
, 1
(2
), pp. 247
–268
. 2.
McKeen
, L. W.
, Fluoropolymers, 2012,” Chapter 11, Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers
, 3rd ed., Science Direct, Elsevier
, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
.3.
Biswas
, S. K.
, and Vijayan
, K.
, 1992
, “Friction and Wear of PTFE—A Review
,” Wear
, 158
(1–2
), pp. 193
–211
. 4.
Briscoe
, B. J.
, Yao
, L. H.
, and Stolarski
, T. A.
, 1986
, “The Friction and Wear of Polytetrafluoroethylene—Polyetheretherketone Composite: An Initial Appraisal of the Optimum Composition
,” Wear
, 108
(4
), pp. 357
–374
. 5.
Vencl
, A.
, 2013
, “A Review of Tribological Properties of PTFE Composites Filled With Glass, Graphite, Carbon or Bronze Reinforcements
,” Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Tribology –SERBIATRIB’13
, M.
Babic
, and S.
Mitrovic
, eds., Serbia Tribology Society
, Kragujevac, Serbia
, May 15–17
.6.
Dong
, W.
, Nie
, S.
, and Zhang
, A.
, 2013
, “Tribological Behavior of PEEK Filled With CF/PTFE/Graphite Sliding Against Stainless Steel Surface Under Water Lubrication
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J: J. Eng. Tribol.
, 227
(10
), pp. 1129
–1137
. 7.
Burris
, D. L.
, and Sawyer
, W. G.
, 2006
, “A Low Friction and Ultra Low Wear Rate PEEK/PTFE Composite
,” Wear
, 261
(3–4
), pp. 410
–418
. 8.
Onodera
, T.
, Nunoshige
, J.
, Kawasaki
, K.
, Adachi
, K.
, Kurihara
, K.
, and Kubo
, M.
, 2017
, “Structure and Function of Transfer Film Formed From PTFE/PEEK Polymer Blend
,” J. Chem. Phys. C
, 121
(27
), pp. 14589
–14596
. 9.
Dittmann
, A.
, Spiegl
, B.
, and Steinruck
, P.
, 2005
, “Fundamental Research on Tribology of PTFE Wear Parts Opens Windows of Opportunity for Improved Materials
,” Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the EFRC
, Antwerp, Belgium
, June 9–10
.10.
Lind
, J.
, Lindholm
, P.
, Quin
, J.
, and Rudolphi
, A. K.
, 2015
, “Friction and Wear Studies of Some PEEK Materials
,” Tribol.—Finnish J. Tribol.
, 2
(33
), pp. 20
–28
.11.
Lin
, L.
, Pei
, X. Q.
, Bennewitz
, R.
, and Schlarb
, A. K.
, 2019
, “Tribological Response of PEEK to Temperature Induced by Friction and External Heating
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 67
(2
), pp. 1
–9
.12.
Gradt
, T.
, and Thelier
, G.
, 2009
, “Influence of Solid Lubricant
on
the Tribological Behavior of PEEK Composites in Vacuum
,” Proceedings of the 13th European Space Mechanisms and Tribology Symposium—ESMATS 2009
, Vienna, Austria
, Sept. 23–25
.13.
Lu
, Z. P.
, and Friedrich
, K.
, 1995
, “On Sliding Friction and Wear of PEEK and Its Composites
,” Wear
, 181–183
(2
), pp. 624
–631
. 14.
Vail
, J. R.
, Krick
, B. A.
, Marchman
, K. R.
, and Sawyer
, W. G.
, 2011
, “Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Fiber Reinforced Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Composites
,” Wear
, 270
(11–12
), pp. 737
–741
. 15.
Qu
, S.
, Penaranda
, J.
, and Wang
, S. S.
, 2016
, “Tribological Behavior of PTFE/PEEK Composites
,” Proceedings of the American Society of Composites—31st Technical Conference
, Williamsburg, VA
, Sept. 19–22
, Paper No. 4106.16.
Haidar
, D. R.
, Alam
, K. I.
, and Burris
, D. L.
, 2018
, “Tribological Insensitivity of an Ultralow-Wear Polyetheretherketone-Polytetrafluoroethylene Blend to Changes in Environmental Moisture
,” J. Phys. Chem. C
, 122
(10
), pp. 5518
–5524
. 17.
Mir
, A. H.
, and Charoo
, M. S.
, 2019
, “Friction and Wear Characteristics of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)—A Review
,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
, 561
.18.
Wang
, Q. H.
, Xue
, Q. J.
, Liu
, W. M.
, and Chen
, J. M.
, 2000
, “The Friction and Wear Characteristics of Nanometer SiC and Polytetrafluoroethylene Filled Polyetheretherketone
,” Wear
, 243
(1–2
), pp. 140
–146
. 19.
Inami
, S.
, Takayanagi
, S.
, Kubo
, T.
, Nanao
, H.
, Minami
, I.
, and Mori
, S.
, 2008
, “Effects of Fine-Dispersed PTFE on Load-Carrying Capability of PEEK
,” Lubr. Sci.
, 20
(4
), pp. 299
–330
. 20.
Bahadur
, S.
, 2000
, “The Development of Transfer Layers and Their Role in Polymer Tribology
,” Wear
, 245
(1–2
), pp. 92
–99
. 21.
Ye
, J.
, Khare
, H. S.
, and Burris
, D. L.
, 2013
, “Transfer Film Evolution and Its Role in Promoting Ultra-Low Wear of a PTFE Nanocomposite
,” Wear
, 297
(1–2
), pp. 1095
–1102
. 22.
Onodera
, T.
, Kawasaki
, K.
, Nakakawaji
, T.
, Higuchi
, Y.
, Ozawa
, N.
, Kurihara
, K.
, and Kubo
, M.
, 2014
, “Effect of Tribochemical Reaction on Transfer Film Formation by Polytetrafluoroethylene
,” J. Phys. Chem. C
, 118
(22
), pp. 11820
–11826
. 23.
Qu
, S.
, Lo
, K. H.
, and Wang
, S. S.
, 2021
, “Effect of Transfer Films on Friction of PTFE/PEEK Composite
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 143
(4
), p. 041401
. 24.
Rachel Makinson
, K.
, and Tabor
, D.
, 1964
, “The Friction and Transfer of Polytetrafluoroethylene
,” Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A. Math. Phys. Sci.
, 281
, pp. 49
–61
.25.
Tanaka
, K.
, and Kawakami
, S.
, 1982
, “Effect of Various Fillers on the Friction and Wear of Polytetrafluoroethylene-Based Composites
,” Wear
, 79
(2
), pp. 221
–234
. 26.
Blanchet
, T. A.
, 2009
, “Wear of Polytetrafluoroethylene and PTFE Composites,” Chapter 10, Polymer Tribology
, S. K.
Sinha
, and B. J.
Brisco
, eds., Imperial College Press
, London, UK
, pp. 347
–370
.27.
Stachowiak
, G. W.
, and Batchelor
, A. W.
, 2014
, “Engineering Tribology,” Chapter 16, Butterworth-Heinmann
, Oxford, UK
.28.
Theiler
, G.
, and Gradt
, T.
, 2021
, “Influence of Counterface and Environment on Tribological Behavior of Polymer Materials
,” Polym. Test.
, 93
(9
), p. 106912
. 29.
Miyase
, A.
, Qu
, S.
, Lo
, K. H.
, and Wang
, S. S.
, 2020
, “Elevated-Temperature Thermal Expansion of PTFE/PEEK Matrix Composite With Random-Oriented Short Carbon Fibers and Graphite Flakes
,” ASME J. Eng. Mater. Technol.
, 142
(2
), p. 021002
. 30.
Ruland
, W.
, 1961
, “X-Ray Determination of Crystallinity and Diffuse Disorder Scattering
,” Acta Crystallogr.
, 14
(11
), pp. 1180
–1185
. Copyright © 2022 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
