A slurry impingement rig containing 6 wt.% SiO2 particles was used to investigate synergistic erosion–corrosion behavior of X-65 carbon steel at various impingement angles. Maximum erosion–corrosion and erosion rates occurred at impingement angles of about 25 deg and 40–55 deg, respectively. The synergy value highly depended on the impingement angle. The formation of patches of porous corrosion product followed by the formation of corrosion pits led to a positive synergy under impingement angle of 25 deg. At higher impingement angles, the absence of pits probably due to the formation of a more durable tribocorrosion layer resulted in a negative synergy.

References

1.
Hodgkiess
,
T.
,
Neville
,
A.
, and
Shrestha
,
S.
,
1999
, “
Electrochemical and Mechanical Interactions During Erosion-Corrosion of a High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel Coating and a Stainless Steel
,”
Wear
,
233–235
, pp.
623
634
.
2.
Toro
,
A.
,
Sinatora
,
A.
,
Tanaka
,
D. K.
, and
Tschiptschin
,
A. P.
,
2001
, “
Corrosion-Erosion of Nitrogen Bearing Martensitic Stainless Steels in Seawater-Quartz Slurry
,”
Wear
,
251
, pp.
1257
1264
.
3.
Neville
,
A.
,
Reyes
,
M.
, and
Xu
,
H.
,
2002
, “
Examining Corrosion Effects and Corrosion/Erosion Interactions on Metallic Materials in Aqueous Slurries
,”
Tribol. Int.
,
35
(
10
), pp.
643
650
.
4.
Lopez
,
D.
,
Falleiros
,
N. A.
, and
Tschiptschin
,
A. P.
,
2007
, “
Corrosion-Erosion Behavior of Austenitic and Martensitic High Nitrogen Stainless Steels
,”
Wear
,
263
, pp.
347
354
.
5.
Bermudez
,
M. D.
, and
Carrion
,
F. J.
,
2005
, “
Erosion-Corrosion of Stainless Steels, Titanium, Tantalum and Zirconium
,”
Wear
,
258
, pp.
693
700
.
6.
Berget
,
J.
,
Rogne
,
T.
, and
Bardal
,
E.
,
2007
, “
Erosion-Corrosion Properties of Different WC-Co-Cr Coatings Deposited by the HVOF Process-Influence of Metallic Matrix Composition and Spray Powder Size Distribution
,”
Surf. Coat. Technol.
,
201
(
18
), pp.
7619
7625
.
7.
Wood
,
R. J. K.
,
2006
, “
Review Erosion-Corrosion Interactions and Their Effect on Marine and Offshore Materials
,”
Wear
,
261
(
9
), pp.
1012
1023
.
8.
Yao
,
Z.
,
Zheng
,
Y.
, and
Ke
,
W.
,
1995
, “
The Influence of Applied Potential on the Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of AISI321 Stainless Steel in Acidic Slurry Medium
,”
Wear
,
186–187
, pp.
568
572
.
9.
Neville
,
A.
, and
Hodgkiess
,
T.
,
1996
, “
An Assessment of the Corrosion Behavior of High-Grade Alloys in Sea Water at Elevated Temperature and Under a High Velocity Impinging Flow
,”
Corros. Sci.
,
38
(
6
), pp.
927
956
.
10.
Hu
,
X.
, and
Neville
,
A.
,
2005
, “
The Electrochemical Response of Stainless Steels in Liquid-Solid Impingement
,”
Wear
,
258
, pp.
641
648
.
11.
Meng
,
H.
,
Hu
,
X.
, and
Neville
,
A.
,
2007
, “
A Systematic Erosion-Corrosion Study of Two Stainless Steels in Marine Conditions Via Experimental Design
,”
Wear
263
, pp.
355
362
.
12.
Wood
,
R. J. K.
,
Wharton
,
J. A.
,
Speyer
,
A. J.
, and
Tan
,
K. S.
,
2002
, “
Investigation of Erosion-Corrosion Processes Using Electrochemical Noise Measurement
,”
Tribol. Int.
,
35
(
10
), pp.
631
641
.
13.
Wang
,
H. W.
, and
Stack
,
M. M.
,
2000
, “
The Erosive Wear of Mild and Stainless Steels Under Controlled Corrosion in Alkaline Slurries Containing Alumina Particles
,”
J. Mater. Sci.
,
35
(
21
), pp.
5263
5273
.
14.
Ping
,
L.
,
Qi-zhou
,
C.
,
Bo-kang
,
W.
, and
Xian-zhong
,
Z.
,
2006
, “
Effect of Aging Temperature on Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of 17-4PH Stainless Steels in Dilute Sulphuric Acid Slurry
,”
J. Iron Steel Res. Int.
,
13
(5), pp.
73
78
.
15.
Stack
,
M. M.
, and
Pungwiwat
,
N.
,
2004
, “
Erosion-Corrosion Mapping of Fe in Aqueous Slurries: Some Views on a New Rationale for Defining the Erosion-Corrosion Interaction
,”
Wear
,
256
(
5
), pp.
565
576
.
16.
Lopez
,
D.
,
Congote
,
J. P.
,
Cano
,
J. R.
,
Toro
,
A.
, and
Tschiptschin
,
A. P.
,
2005
, “
Effect of Particle Velocity and Impact Angle on the Corrosion-Erosion of AISI 304 and 420 Stainless Steels
,”
Wear
,
259
, pp.
118
124
.
17.
Burstein
,
G. T.
, and
Sasaki
,
K.
,
2000
, “
Effect of Impact Angle on the Slurry Erosion-Corrosion of 304L Stainless Steel
,”
Wear
,
240
, pp.
80
94
.
18.
Sasaki
,
K.
, and
Burstein
,
G. T.
,
1996
, “
The Generation of Surface Roughness During Slurry Erosion-Corrosion and Its Effect on the Pitting Potential
,”
Corros. Sci.
,
38
(
12
), pp.
2111
2120
.
19.
Stack
,
M. M.
,
Corlett
,
N.
, and
Zhou
,
S.
,
1999
, “
Impact Angle Effects on the Transition Boundaries of the Aqueous Erosion-Corrosion Map
,”
Wear
,
225–229
, pp.
190
198
.
20.
Al-Bukhaiti
,
M. A.
,
Ahmed
,
S. M.
,
Badran
,
F. M. F.
, and
Emarab
,
K. M.
,
2007
, “
Effect of Impingement Angle on Slurry Erosion Behaviour and Mechanisms of 1017 Steel and High-Chromium White Cast Iron
,”
Wear
,
262
, pp.
1187
1198
.
21.
Jana
,
B. D.
, and
Stack
,
M. M.
,
2005
, “
Modeling Impact Angle Effects on Erosion-Corrosion of Pure Metals: Construction of Materials Performance Maps
,”
Wear
,
259
, pp.
243
255
.
22.
Wharton
,
J. A.
, and
Wood
,
R. J. K.
,
2004
, “
Influence of Flow Conditions on the Corrosion of AISI 304L Stainless Steel
,”
Wear
,
256
(
5
), pp.
525
536
.
23.
Yu
,
B.
, and
Li
,
D. Y.
,
2013
, “
Effects of the Dissolved Oxygen and Slurry Velocity on Erosion-Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Slurries With Carbon Dioxide and Silica Sand
,”
Wear
,
302
, pp.
1609
1641
.
24.
Ukpai
,
J. I.
,
Barker
,
R.
,
Hu
,
X.
, and
Neville
,
A.
,
2013
, “
Exploring the Erosive Wear of X65 Carbon Steel by Acoustic Emission Method
,”
Wear
,
301
, pp.
370
382
.
25.
Yang
,
Y.
, and
Cheng
,
Y. F.
,
2012
, “
Parametric Effects on the Erosion–Corrosion Rate and Mechanism of Carbon Steel Pipes in Oil Sands Slurry
,”
Wear
,
276–277
, pp.
141
148
.
26.
Stack
,
M. M.
, and
Abdulrahman
,
G. H.
,
2012
, “
Mapping Erosion-Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Oil-Water Solutions: Effects of Velocity and Applied Potential
,”
Wear
,
274–275
, pp.
401
413
.
27.
Stack
,
M. M.
, and
Abdulrahman
,
G. H.
,
2010
, “
Mapping Erosion-Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Oil Exploration Conditions: Some New Approaches to Characterizing Mechanisms and Synergies
,”
Tribol. Int.
,
43
(
7
), pp.
1268
1277
.
28.
Guo
,
H. X.
,
Lu
,
B. T.
, and
Luo
,
J. L.
,
2005
, “
Interaction of Mechanical and Electrochemical Factors in Erosion-Corrosion of Carbon Steel
,”
Electrochim. Acta
,
51
(
2
), pp.
315
323
.
29.
ASTM G119
,
2009
, “
Standard Guide for Determining Synergism Between Wear and Corrosion
,”
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
.
30.
Azarian
,
N. S.
,
Ghasemi
,
H. M.
, and
Monshi
,
M. R.
,
2015
, “
Synergistic Erosion and Corrosion Behavior of AA5052 Aluminum Alloy in 3.5 Wt% Nacl Solution Under Various Impingement Angles
,”
J. Bio. Tribo. Corros.
,
1
(
2
), pp.
10
17
.
31.
Abedini
,
M.
, and
Ghasemi
,
H. M.
,
2014
, “
Synergistic Erosion–Corrosion Behavior of Al–Brass Alloy at Various Impingement Angles
,”
Wear
,
319
, pp.
49
55
.
32.
ASTM G 102
,
2004
, “
Standard Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and Related Information From Electrochemical Measurements
,”
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
.
33.
ASTM G 1
,
2003
, “
Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
,”
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
.
34.
Stachowiak
,
G. W.
, and
Batchelor
,
A. W.
,
2005
,
Engineering Tribology
,
Butterworth-Heinemann
,
Oxford, UK
.
35.
Hutchings
,
I. M.
,
1992
,
Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials
,
Edward Arnold
,
London
.
36.
McCafferty
,
E.
,
2010
,
Introduction to Corrosion Science
,
Springer
,
New York
.
37.
Karrab
,
S. A.
,
Doheim
,
M. A.
,
Mohammed
,
M. S.
, and
Ahmed
,
S. M.
,
2012
, “
Investigation of the Ring Area Formed Around Cavitation Erosion Pits on the Surface of Carbon Steel
,”
Tribol. Lett.
,
45
(
3
), pp.
437
444
.
38.
Czichos
,
H.
,
1978
,
Tribology: A System Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear
,
Elsevier
,
New York
.
You do not currently have access to this content.