Studies of particle flows have followed three parallel paths: (1) experiment, (2) analysis based on the assumption of a continuum, and (3) direct particle simulation. In this paper, we perform continuum and particle analyses and compare them to each other, and to previously reported experiments. Both the particle simulations and the continuum model over-predict the experimental normal load and shear force, however, the trends and orders-of-magnitude are in agreement. The modeling approaches are based on first principles, and do not rely on curve fitting to obtain effective properties of the mixture such as viscosity or conductivity.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Ali
, I.
, Roy
, S. R.
, and Shin
, G.
, 1994
, “Chemical-Mechanical Polishing of Interlayer Dielectric: A Review
,” Solid State Technol.
, pp.
63
–69
.2.
Tichy
, J. A.
, Levert
, J. A.
, Shen
, L.
, and Danyluk
, S.
, 1999
, “Contact Mechanics and Lubrication Hydrodynamics of Chemical-Mechanical Polishing
,” J. Electrochem. Soc.
, 146
, pp. 1
–7
.3.
Cho, U., and Tichy, J. A., 1997, “Quantitative Correlation of Wear Debris Analysis,” World Tribology Congress, Institute of Mechanical Engineers.
4.
Poggie
, R. A.
, Mishra
, A. K.
, and Davison
, J. A.
, 1994
, “Three-Body Abrasive Wear Behavior of Orthopedic Implant Bearing Surfaces from Titanium Debris
,” J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med.
, 5
, pp. 387
–392
.5.
Yu
, C. M.
, Craig
, K.
, and Tichy
, J. A.
, 1994
, “Granular Collision Lubrication
,” J. Rheol.
, 38
, pp. 921
–936
.6.
Yu
, C. M.
, and Tichy
, J. A.
, 1996
, “Granular Collision Lubrication: Effect of Surface Roughness, Particle Size Solid Fraction
,” STLE Tribol. Trans.
, 39
, pp. 537
–546
.7.
Heshmat
, H.
, 1991
, “High-Temperature Solid-Lubricated Bearing Development-Dry Powder-Lubricated Traction Testing
,” AIAA Journal of Propulsion and Power
, 75
, pp. 814
–820
.8.
Heshmat
, H.
, 1992
, “The Quasi-Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Powder Lubrication: Part 2. Lubricant Film Pressure Profile
,” Lubr. Eng.
, 48
, pp. 373
–383
.9.
Dai
, F.
, Khonsari
, M. M.
, and Lu
, Y. Z.
, 1994
, “On the Lubrication Mechanism of Grain Flows
,” STLE Tribol. Trans.
, 37
, pp. 516
–524
.10.
McKeague
, K. T.
, and Khonsari
, M. M.
, 1995
, “Generalized Boundary Interactions for Powder Lubricated Couette Flow
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 117
, pp. 1
–8
.11.
Campbell, C., and Zhang, Y., 1991, “The Interface between Fluid-Like and Solid-Like Behavior in Granular Flows,” Advances in Micromechanics of Granular Materials, Studies in Applied Mechanics, H. Shen et al., Eds., 31, pp. 261–270.
12.
Savage
, S. B.
, 1998
, “Analyses of Slow High Concentration Flow of Granular Materials
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 177
, pp. 1
–26
.13.
Campbell
, C. S.
, and Brennen
, C. S.
, 1985
, “Computer Simulations of Granular Shear Flows
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 151
, pp. 167
–188
.14.
Bagnold
, R.
, 1954
, “Experiments on a Gravity-Free Dispersion of Large Solid Spheres in a Newtonian Fluid under Shear
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
225
, pp. 45
–63
.15.
Savage
, S. B.
, and Sayed
, M.
, 1984
, “Stresses Developed by Cohesionless Granular Materials Sheared in a Annular Shear Cell
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 142
, pp. 391
–430
.16.
Walton, O., and Braun, R., 1993, “Simulation of Rotary-Drum and Repose Tests for Frictional Spheres and Rigid Sphere Clusters,” Joint DOE/NSF Workshop On Flow of Particulates and Fluids, Ithaca, NY.
17.
Walton, O., 1993, “Numerical Simulation of Inelastic Frictional Particle-Particle Interactions,” Particulate Two-Phase Flow, M. Roco, Ed., chap. 25, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA.
18.
Hopkins, M., Jenkins, J., and Louge, M., 1991, “On the Structure of 3D Shear Flows,” Advances in Micromechanics of Granular Materials, Studies in Applied Mechanics, H. Shen et al., Eds., 31, pp. 271–279.
19.
Craig
, K.
, Buckholz
, R.
, and Domoto
, G.
, 1986
, “An Experimental Study of the Rapid Flow of Dry Cohesionless Metal Powders
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 53
, pp. 935
–942
.20.
Jenkins
, J.
, and Richman
, M. W.
, 1985
, “Kinetic Theory for Plane Flows of a Dense Gas of Identical, Rough, Inelastic, Circular Disks
,” Phys. Fluids
, 28
, pp. 3485
–3495
.21.
Jenkins, J., 1987, “Rapid Flows of Granular Materials,” in Non-Classical Continuum Mechanics, Cambridge Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 213–225.
22.
Johnson
, P. C.
, and Jackson
, R.
, 1987
, “Frictional-Collisional Constitutive Relations for Granular Materials with Applications to Plane Shearing
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 176
, pp. 67
–93
.23.
Lun
, C. K. K.
, Savage
, S. B.
, Jeffrey
, D. J.
, and Chepurniy
, N.
, 1984
, “Kinetic Theories for Granular Flows: Inelastic Particles in Couette Flow and Slightly Inelastic Particles in a General Flow Field
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 140
, pp. 223
–256
.24.
Hanes
, D. M.
, and Inman
, D. L.
, 1985
, “Observations of Rapidly Flowing Granular Fluid Materials
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 150
, pp. 357
–380
.25.
Jenkins
, J. T.
, and Richman
, M. W.
, 1987
, “Boundary Conditions for Plane Flows of Smooth, Nearly Elastic, Circular Disks
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 171
, pp. 53
–69
.26.
Jenkins
, J.
, 1990
, “Boundary Conditions for Rapid Granular Flows: Flat, Frictional Walls
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 59
, pp. 120
–127
.27.
Rappaport, D., 1997, The Art of Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
28.
Hudson, J. B., Sawyer, W. G., Bryson, D., and Svanes, T., 1997, “An Interactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Atomic Behavior,” National Educators Workshop Conference Proceedings, Seattle, WA.
29.
Elrod, H., 1996, “Numerical Experiments with Flows of Elongated Granules,” Tribology Series 31, Proceedings of 22nd Leeds-Lyon Symposium, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 347–354.
Copyright © 2001
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
