...Mohammed Al-Azba; Mohamed Mahgoub Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are notorious for their high energy consumption in buildings, particularly in regions with extreme cooling or heating demands. Air filters play a vital role in these systems, affecting both energy efficiency...

...Ankush Gupta; Sathans Suhag In the pharmaceutical industry (PMI), the major portion of energy is consumed in heat ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) system; therefore, building energy management systems (BEMS) primarily focus on optimizing the energy consumption in HVAC systems. The two operation...

...Mohammed Al-Azba; Zhaohui Cen; Ahmed Abotaleb Air conditioning (AC) is crucial for comfortable living in countries with challenging desert climates like Qatar. In the face of such harsh conditions, cooling applications account for up to 70% of energy consumption in residential buildings. Given...

... air conditioning building cooling efficiency energy environment indoor air quality indoor environment quality resilient buildings sensors smart buildings smart cities sustainability thermal comfort Qatar National Research Fund 10.13039/100008982 CWSP18-W-0203-20038...

... requirements including comfortable indoor environments for occupants. However, buildings can affect microclimate weather due to waste heat from air conditioning, ventilation, and infiltration, heat transfer through the envelope, stored solar energy within the envelope, and shading effects on street canyons...

... in the significant variation of soil temperature by 5–8% [ 157 ]. Constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit integrated with the SGE decreases the GTI, and part of the heat from condenser during cooling mode operation is used to preheat the air in air handling units (AHU) [ 158 ]. The proposed...

... purposes. 29 03 2021 15 08 2021 15 08 2021 03 09 2021 building heating peak demand renewable energy ground source heat pump hybrid GSHP combined heat and power air conditioning geothermal heat transfer integrated systems optimization storage sustainability...

...Tingting Zeng; Prabir Barooah An autonomous adaptive model predictive control (MPC) architecture is presented for control of heating, ventilation, and air condition (HVAC) systems to maintain indoor temperature while reducing energy use. Although equipment use and occupant changes with time...

...Rabindra Pokhrel; Jorge E. González-Cruz Air conditioning (AC) demand has recently grown to about 10% of total electricity globally, and the International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that the cooling requirement for buildings globally increases by three-fold by 2050 without additional policy...

...Shunbo Lei; Johanna L. Mathieu; Rishee K. Jain Commercial buildings generally have large thermal inertia and thus can provide services to power grids (e.g., demand response (DR)) by modulating their heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Shifting consumption on timescales...

... 08 2020 air conditioning appliances control systems demand response grid interactive buildings smart buildings The rapid deployment of intermittent renewable energy generation on the electric grid has presented significant challenges to the entities that are responsible...

...Mohammed Albayati; Ravi Gorthala; Amy Thompson; Prathamesh Patil; Annika Hacker Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems consume over 5 quads of energy annually, representing 30% of energy consumption in the U.S. commercial buildings. Additionally, commercial refrigeration (R...

... day [ 1 ]. However, because electrical vehicles are not widely accepted yet, this method does not seem to be feasible as of now. Figure 1 indicates the difference of load distribution between with and without the peak shaving. air conditioning cooling dynamic systems efficiency energy...

... Performance of Photovoltaic Roofs , ASHRAE Transactions. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers , Cincinnati, OH , pp. 129 – 135 . [20] ASTM , 2012 , ASTM Standard, in: G173-03 (Ed.), Standard Tables for Reference Solar Spectral Irradiance: Direct Normal...

... ,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. , 31 ( 4 ), pp. 3090 – 3099 . 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2472497 [12] Cai , J. , Braun , J. E. , and Lin , Y. , 2018 , “ Laboratory Demonstration of Variable-Speed Packaged Air-Conditioning Units for Provision of Frequency Regulation Services ,” 2018 IEEE Power...

... and morbidity, even in locations where most citizens have air conditioning (AC). Nevertheless, the existing literature on indoor exposure to heat often regards AC as a binary variable and assumes that its presence inevitably results in a safe thermal environment. This is also reflected in heat vulnerability...

...Rabindra Pokhrel; Andy Walker; Jorge E. González As a consequence of the warm and humid climate of tropical coastal regions, there is high energy demand year-round due to air conditioning to maintain indoor comfort levels. Past and current practices are focused on mitigating peak cooling demands...