Fig. 1 Block diagram of the proposed control scheme for the PV storage system More

Fig. 2 Electrical characteristics of the PV panel, at 25 °C for different irradiance levels and 1 kW/m 2 for different temperatures levels More

Fig. 3 Irradiance and temperature profiles More

Fig. 4 Characteristic curves I–V and P–V under simultaneous variation of the irradiance and temperature More

Fig. 5 Controlled output y and duty cycle More

Fig. 6 Actual and estimated states More

Fig. 7 Output voltage of PV module using P&O, CSMC, BSC, IBSC, and BSSTAC techniques More

Fig. 8 Output current of PV module using P&O, CSMC, BSC, IBSC, and BSSTAC techniques More

Fig. 9 Output power of PV module using P&O, CSMC, BSC, IBSC, and BSSTAC techniques More

Fig. 10 Photograph of the experimental test bench More

Fig. 11 Real-time implementation of the proposed MPPT More

Fig. 12 Actual measurements of solar irradiation and temperature More

Fig. 13 Experimental results: ( a ) output power and voltage and ( b ) actual and observed inductor current More

Fig. 1 ( a ) The controlled environment of the Quonset GiPVT system and ( b ) Quonset GiPVT system integrated with EAHE More

Fig. 2 ( a ) Variation in the temperature of PV cell with time ( φ = 25.31 deg, May 22, 2016) and ( b ) convergence of Fourier approximation of solar irradiation observed experimentally in Saudi Arabia ( φ = 24.72 deg, June 29, 2019) More