A new variable water (VW) flow system for chilled water system application is presented. Design, operational, and control issues are discussed. Analytical models of pump power and evaporative temperature are developed. The VW systems consume considerably less pump and compressor energy than the primary secondary (PS) systems under partial load conditions for most existing chillers. The VW system consumes less compressor energy since it results in higher refrigerant temperature in the evaporator. The VW systems also have the decoupling capability of the primary and secondary pumping systems.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Rishel
, J. B.
, 1994
, “Distributed Pumping for Chilled and Hot Water Systems
,” ASHRAE Trans.
, 100
, Pt. 1, pp. 1521
–1527
.2.
Avery
, G.
, 2001
, “Improving the Efficiency of Chilled Water Plants
,” ASHRAE J.
, 43
(5
), pp. 14
–18
.3.
ASHRAE, 2000, 2000 ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Systems and Equipment, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
4.
Hegberg
, R. A.
, 1994
, “Why Consider a primary-Secondary Hydronic Pumping System?
” ASHRAE Trans.
, 100
, Pt. 1, pp. 1516
–1520
.5.
Hyman
, L. B.
, and Bockmiller
, F. R.
, 2000
, “Primary Chilled Water Loop Retrofit
,” ASHRAE J.
, 42
(12
), pp. 60
–64
.6.
Potratz
, S. J.
, 1991
, “Design Considerations of a Central Variable Flow Chilled water Plant
,” ASHRAE Trans.
, 97
, Pt. 1, pp. 759
–762
.7.
Zhou, H., 1989, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Profit and Loss Control of the Chilled Water System of Centrifugal Chiller Plants,” Proc. of Far East Conf. on Air Conditioning in Hot Climate, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 25–28 October.
8.
Hartman
, T. B.
, 1996
, “Design Issues of variable Chilled-Water Flow Through Chillers
,” ASHRAE Trans.
, 102
, Pt. 2, pp. 678
–683
.9.
Redden
, G. H.
, 1996
, “Effect of Variable Flow on Centrifugal Chiller Performance
,” ASHRAE Trans.
, 102
, Pt. 2, pp. 684
–687
.10.
Song, D., Liu, L., Turner, W, D., and Batten, T., 2000, “Continuous Commissioning of a Central Chilled Water and Hot Water Systems,” Proc. of 12th Symp. on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, May 15–17, San Antonio, TX.
11.
Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt D. P., 1985, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
12.
Kaul, M. P., Kedzierski, M. A., and Dldion, D. A., 1996, “Horizontal Flow Boiling of Alternative Refrigerants Within a Fluid Heated Micro-fin Tube,” Proc. of Process, Enhanced, and Multiphase Heat Transfer, Atlanta, GA.
Copyright © 2002
by ASME
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