Changes in Residual Stress in Worked Surface Layer of Type 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Due to Tensile Deformation

Changes in the residual stress in a worked surface layer of type 304 austenitic stainless steel due to tensile deformation were measured by the X-ray diffraction residual stress measuring method. The compressive residual stresses introduced by end-mill, end-mill side cutter, and grinder were easily changed into tensile stresses when the plate specimens were subjected to tensile stress greater than the yield stress of the solid solution heat-treated material. The residual stresses after the tensile deformation depend on the initial residual stresses and the degree of preliminary working. The behavior of the residual stress changes can be interpreted if the surface-worked material is regarded as a composite made of solid solution heat-treated material and work-hardened material.