The flow properties of crushed ice under plane-strain conditions are examined. The analysis is based on a set laboratory experiments. The geometric configuration provided a wide range of pressures and material behaviors. At the early stages of the extrusion, and near the exit, where pressures are low, models based on Mohr-Coulomb flow theory describe the extrusion of crushed ice satisfactorily. At more advanced stages of the tests, high pressures developed, crushed ice became fused, and its behavior was similar to that of highly damaged polycrystalline ice. An extrusion model based on a nonlinear viscous flow is presented. This formulation is appropriate for the pressure ranges encountered in ice-structure interaction. After the initial compaction of the material, the dynamic force characteristics similar and cracking are not necessary to produce the dynamic effect in the ice-structure interaction. The vibrations appear to be related to variations in the width of the fused zone of ice.

Issue Section:
Research Papers
Topics:
Flow (Dynamics), Ice, Extruding, Ice-structure interaction, Compacting, Coulombs, Cracking (Materials), Fracture (Process), Plane strain, Pressure, Vibration, Viscous flow
1.
Duthinh
D.
,
1992
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,”
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151
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2.
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, and
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,
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On Internal Friction and Cohesion in Unconsolidated Ice Rubble
,”
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3.
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4.
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7.
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8.
Jordaan
I. J.
, and
Timco
G. W.
,
1988
, “
Dynamics of the Ice Crushing Process
,”
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318
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326
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9.
Kurdyumov
V. A.
, and
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,
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Hydrodynamic Model of the Impact of a Solid on Ice
,”
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Maeno
N.
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Ebinuma
T.
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11.
Masterson, D. M., Frederking, R. M. W., Jordaan, I. J., and Spencer, P. A., 1993, “1990 Field Ice Indentation Experiments at Medium Scale Hobson’s Choice Ice Island,” Proceedings, International Conf. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 145–155.
12.
Savage
S. B.
,
Sayed
M.
, and
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,
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Two-Dimensional Extrusion of Crushed Ice. Part 2: Analysis
,”
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47
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13.
Sayed
M.
, and
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R. M. W.
,
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Two-Dimensional Extrusion of Crushed Ice. Part 1: Experimental
,”
Cold Regions Science and Technology
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36
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14.
Singh, S. K., and Jordaan, I. J., 1995, “Triaxial Tests on Crushed Ice,” Cold Regions Science and Technology, in press.
15.
Singh, S. K., Timco, G. W., Frederking, R., and Jordaan, I. J., 1990, “Tests of Ice Crushing on a Flexible structure,” Proceedings, International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Houston, TX, Vol. IV, pp. 89–94.
16.
Spencer, P. A., Masterson, D. M., Lucas, J., and Jordaan, I. J., 1992, “The Flow Properties of Crushed Ice I: Experimental Observation and Apparatus,” Proceeding IAHR Ice Symposium, Banff, Canada, Vol. 1 pp. 158–168.
17.
Spencer, P. A., and Masterson, D. M., 1993, “Dynamic Analysis of the Medium Scale Indention Apparatus,” Proceedings, International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Glasgow, Scotland, Vol. 4, pp. 45–51.
18.
Xiao, J., Jordaan, I. J., McKenna, R. F., and Frederking, R. M. W., 1991, “Finite Element Modelling of Spherical Indentation Tests on Ice,” Proceedings, 11th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, Vol. 1, pp. 471–485.
19.
Xiao, J., Jordaan, I. J., and Singh, S. K., 1992, “Pressure Melting and Friction in Ice-Structure Interaction,” Proceedings, IAHR Ice Symposium, Banff, Canada, Vol. 3, pp. 1255–1268.
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