Fig. 1 Bearing with inner race fault More about this image found in Bearing with inner race fault

Fig. 2 Vibration model of a bearing More about this image found in Vibration model of a bearing

Fig. 3 Flowchart showing the methodology More about this image found in Flowchart showing the methodology

Fig. 4 Simulated signal: ( a ) signal in the time domain and ( b ) FFT of signal More about this image found in Simulated signal: ( a ) signal in the time domain and ( b ) FFT of signal

Fig. 5 Decomposed wavelets of a simulated signal More about this image found in Decomposed wavelets of a simulated signal

Fig. 6 Wavelet transform of a simulated signal (single wavelet) More about this image found in Wavelet transform of a simulated signal (single wavelet)

Fig. 7 Extracted ridge curve of a simulated signal (middle sinusoidal curve: ridge curve and top and bottom curves: supports) More about this image found in Extracted ridge curve of a simulated signal (middle sinusoidal curve: ridge...

Fig. 8 Reconstructed signal (simulated) More about this image found in Reconstructed signal (simulated)

Fig. 9 Fifty-two nonlinear modes for a simulated signal More about this image found in Fifty-two nonlinear modes for a simulated signal

Fig. 10 Nonlinear modes obtained by applying NMD on simulated signal: ( a ) nonlinear modes 1–5, ( b ) nonlinear modes 6–10, ( c ) nonlinear modes 11–15, ( d ) nonlinear modes 16–20, ( e ) nonlinear modes 21–25, ( f ) nonlinear modes 26–30, ( g ) nonlinear modes 31–35, ( h ) nonlinear modes 36–40,... More about this image found in Nonlinear modes obtained by applying NMD on simulated signal: ( a ) nonline...

Fig. 11 Dataset taken from the online database [ 29 ]: ( a ) time domain signal and ( b ) FFT of the whole signal More about this image found in Dataset taken from the online database [ 29 ]: ( a ) time domain signal and...

Fig. 12 Fifty-two nonlinear modes obtained by applying NMD on real data taken from an online database for fault size 0.007 in. (Case 1) More about this image found in Fifty-two nonlinear modes obtained by applying NMD on real data taken from ...

Fig. 13 NMD analysis results for fault size 0.007 in. (Case 1): ( a ) nonlinear modes 1–5, ( b ) nonlinear modes 6–10, ( c ) nonlinear modes 11–15, ( d ) nonlinear modes 16–20, ( e ) nonlinear modes 21–25, ( f ) nonlinear modes 26–30, ( g ) nonlinear modes 31–35, ( h ) nonlinear modes 36–40, ( i )... More about this image found in NMD analysis results for fault size 0.007 in. (Case 1): ( a ) nonlinear mod...

Fig. 14 Nonlinear modes and their FFTs for the first four4 highest values of RMS: ( a ) highest RMS, ( b ) second highest RMS, ( c ) third highest RMS, and ( d ) fourth highest RMS More about this image found in Nonlinear modes and their FFTs for the first four4 highest values of RMS: (...

Fig. 15 Nonlinear modes and their FFTs for the first four highest KR values: ( a ) highest KR, ( b ) second highest KR, ( c ) third highest KR, and ( d ) fourth highest KR More about this image found in Nonlinear modes and their FFTs for the first four highest KR values: ( a ) ...

Fig. 16 Nonlinear modes and their FFT for first four values of variance: ( a ) highest variance, ( b ) second highest variance, ( c ) third highest variance, and ( d ) fourth highest variance More about this image found in Nonlinear modes and their FFT for first four values of variance: ( a ) high...

Fig. 17 Nonlinear modes and their FFT for first four values of SD: ( a ) highest SD, ( b ) second highest SD, ( c ) third highest SD, and ( d ) fourth highest SD More about this image found in Nonlinear modes and their FFT for first four values of SD: ( a ) highest SD...

Fig. 18 Nonlinear modes and their FFT for first four values of RMS × variance: ( a ) highest RMS × variance, ( b ) second highest RMS × variance, ( c ) third highest RMS × variance, and ( d ) fourth highest RMS × variance More about this image found in Nonlinear modes and their FFT for first four values of RMS × variance: ( a ...

Fig. 19 Nonlinear modes and their FFT for the first four values of RMS × SD: ( a ) highest RMS × SD, ( b ) second highest RMS × SD, ( c ) third highest RMS × SD, and ( d ) fourth highest RMS × SD More about this image found in Nonlinear modes and their FFT for the first four values of RMS × SD: ( a ) ...