The combination of increased power dissipation and increased packaging density has led to substantial increases in chip and module heat flux in high-end computers. The challenge has been to limit the rise in chip temperature. In the past, virtually all commercial computers were designed to operate at temperatures above the ambient. However, researchers have identified the advantages of operating electronics at low temperatures. The primary purpose of low-temperature cooling using a vapor compression system are faster switching times of semiconductor devices, increased circuit speed due to lower electrical resistance of interconnecting materials, and a reduction in thermally induced failures of devices and components. Achievable performance improvements range from 1% to 3% for every 10°C lower transistor temperature, depending on the doping characteristics of the chip. The current research focuses on IBM’s mainframe, which uses a conventional refrigeration system to maintain chip temperatures below that of comparable air-cooled systems, but well above cryogenic temperatures. Although performance has been the key driver in the use of this technology, the second major reason for designing a system with low-temperature cooling is the improvement achieved in reliability to counteract detrimental effects, which rise as technology is pushed to the extremes. A mathematical model is developed to determine the time constant for an expansion valve sensor bulb. This time constant varies with variation in the thermophysical properties of the sensor element; that is, bulb size and bulb liquid. An experimental bench is built to study the effect of variation of evaporator outlet superheat on system performance. The heat load is varied from no load to full load (1 KW) to find out the system response at various loads. Experimental investigation is also done to see how the changes in thermophysical properties of the liquid in the sensor bulb of the expansion valve affect the overall system performance. Different types of thermostatic expansion valves are tested to investigate that bulb size, bulb constant, and bulb location have significant effects on the behavior of the system. Thermal resistance between the bulb and evaporator return line can considerably affect the system stability, and by increasing the thermal resistance, the stability can be further increased.
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Effect of the Location and the Properties of Thermostatic Expansion Valve Sensor Bulb on the Stability of a Refrigeration System
Veerendra Mulay,
Veerendra Mulay
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX 76010
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Amit Kulkarni,
Amit Kulkarni
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX 76010
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Dereje Agonafer, ASME Fellow,
Dereje Agonafer, ASME Fellow
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX 76010
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Roger Schmidt, ASME Fellow
Roger Schmidt, ASME Fellow
IBM Corporation, Poughkeepsie, NY
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Veerendra Mulay
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX 76010
Amit Kulkarni
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX 76010
Dereje Agonafer, ASME Fellow
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX 76010
Roger Schmidt, ASME Fellow
IBM Corporation, Poughkeepsie, NY
Manuscript received May 6, 2004; revision received August 18, 2004. Review conducted by: C. Amon.
J. Heat Transfer. Jan 2005, 127(1): 85-94 (10 pages)
Published Online: February 15, 2005
Article history
Received:
May 6, 2004
Revised:
August 18, 2004
Online:
February 15, 2005
Citation
Mulay , V., Kulkarni , A., Agonafer, D., and Schmidt, R. (February 15, 2005). "Effect of the Location and the Properties of Thermostatic Expansion Valve Sensor Bulb on the Stability of a Refrigeration System ." ASME. J. Heat Transfer. January 2005; 127(1): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1839584
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