This paper presents results for thermoelectric voltage experiments carried out with metallic point contacts. The motivation for this work is the fundamental understanding of the nonequilibrium state between electrons and phonons, and for applying this phenomenon to a point temperature measurement of small heating elements like an LSI (Large-Scale Integration) electronic chip. The experiments were carried out by using gold, silver, copper, and tungsten point contacts under cryogenic conditions, and a heat flux through the point contact was applied via a temperature difference across the contact. In this condition, thermoelectric voltages appeared even when the entire open circuit consisted of only one material. This phenomenon was explained theoretically by considering the nonequilibrium effect between the phonon and electron temperatures, and the geometric effect at the point contact. Good agreement was found between the theory and the experiment.
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Thermoelectric Voltage at Metallic Point Contacts From Nonequilibrium Effects
K. Ito,
K. Ito
Department of Mechano-Aerospace Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152 Japan
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K. Hijikata,
K. Hijikata
Department of Mechano-Aerospace Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152 Japan
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K. Torikoshi,
K. Torikoshi
Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, Daikin Industries Ltd., Sakaishi, Osaka 591, Japan
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P. E. Phelan
P. E. Phelan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2540 Dole St., Holmes 302, Honolulu, HI 96822
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K. Ito
Department of Mechano-Aerospace Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152 Japan
K. Hijikata
Department of Mechano-Aerospace Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152 Japan
K. Torikoshi
Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, Daikin Industries Ltd., Sakaishi, Osaka 591, Japan
P. E. Phelan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2540 Dole St., Holmes 302, Honolulu, HI 96822
J. Heat Transfer. Nov 1995, 117(4): 822-827 (6 pages)
Published Online: November 1, 1995
Article history
Received:
November 1, 1994
Revised:
July 1, 1995
Online:
January 23, 2008
Citation
Ito, K., Hijikata, K., Torikoshi, K., and Phelan, P. E. (November 1, 1995). "Thermoelectric Voltage at Metallic Point Contacts From Nonequilibrium Effects." ASME. J. Heat Transfer. November 1995; 117(4): 822–827. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2836297
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