Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a new low-emission engine concept. Combustion under homogeneous, low equivalence ratio conditions results in modest temperature combustion products, containing very low concentrations of NOx and PM as well as providing high thermal efficiency. However, this combustion mode can produce higher HC and CO emissions than those of conventional engines. Control of the start of combustion timing is difficult with pre-mixed charge HCCI. Accordingly, in the present study charge preparation and combustion phasing control is achieved with direct injection. An electronically controlled Caterpillar single-cylinder oil test engine (SCOTE), originally designed for heavy-duty diesel applications, was converted to a direct-injection gasoline engine. The engine features an electronically controlled low-pressure direct injection-gasoline (DI-G) injector with a 60 deg spray angle that is capable of multiple injections. The use of double injection was explored for emission control, and the engine was optimized using fully automated experiments and a microgenetic algorithm optimization code. The variables changed during the optimization include the intake air temperature, start of injection timing, and the split injection parameters (percent mass of fuel in each injection, dwell between the pulses) using three different objective (merit) functions. The engine performance and emissions were determined at 700 rev/min with a constant fuel flow rate at 10 MPa fuel injection pressure. The results show the choice of merit or objective function (optimization goal) determines the engine performance, and that significant emission reductions can be achieved with optimal injection strategies. Merit function formulations are presented that minimized PM, HC, and emissions, respectively.
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January 2004
Technical Papers
Effect of Optimization Criteria on Direct-Injection Homegeneous Charge Compression Ignition Gasoline Engine Performance and Emissions Using Fully Automated Experiments and Microgenetic Algorithms
M. Canakci,
M. Canakci
Technical Education Faculty, Kocaeli University, Izmit 41100, Turkey
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R. D. Reitz
R. D. Reitz
Engine Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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M. Canakci
Technical Education Faculty, Kocaeli University, Izmit 41100, Turkey
R. D. Reitz
Engine Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Contributed by the Internal Combustion Engine Division of THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS for publication in the ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER. Manuscript received by the ICE Division, March 2002; final revision received January 2003. Associate Editor: D. Assanis.
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Jan 2004, 126(1): 167-177 (11 pages)
Published Online: March 2, 2004
Article history
Received:
March 1, 2002
Revised:
January 1, 2003
Online:
March 2, 2004
Citation
Canakci, M., and Reitz, R. D. (March 2, 2004). "Effect of Optimization Criteria on Direct-Injection Homegeneous Charge Compression Ignition Gasoline Engine Performance and Emissions Using Fully Automated Experiments and Microgenetic Algorithms ." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. January 2004; 126(1): 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1635395
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