Abstract
Current methods for the detection of tear gas residues require extensive sample preparation before spectral measurement. This contrasts with the present work in which a new detection method for the active ingredients of CN (α-chloroacetophenone), CS (2-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile), and pepper sprays (capsaicin and crude pepper extracts) based on ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry has been developed. The minimum determinable limits were: α-chloroacetophenone 0.1 μg, 2-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile 25 mg, and cayenne pepper 5 mg. These limits were dependent on the vapor pressure, proton affinity and electronegativity of the target molecule.
Issue Section:
Technical Notes
References
1.
Thorburn
K M
. Injuries after use of the lachrymatory agent chloroacetophenone in a confined space
. Arch Environ Health
1982
;37
:182
-6
.2.
Sreenivasen
V R
, Boese
R A
. Identification of lachrymators
. J Forensic Sci 15
, 1970
;15
:433
-42
.3.
Fung
T
, Jeffery
W
, Beverage
A D
. The identification of capsaicinoids in tear gas spray
. J Forensic Sci 27
, 1982
;27
:812
-21
.4.
Nowicki
J
. Analysis of chemical protection sprays by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy
. J Forensic Sci
1982
;27
:704
-9
.5.
Ferslew
K E
, Orcutt
R H
, Hagardorn
A N
. Spectral differentiation and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of the lacrimators 2-chloroacetophenone and o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
, J Forensic Sci
1986
;31
:658
-65
.6.
Eiceman
G A
, Karpas
Z
. Ion mobility spectrometry
. CRC Press
, Boca Raton
, 1994
; and references therein.7.
Garofolo
F
, Migliozzi
V
, Roio
B
. Application of ion mobility spectrometry to the identification of trace levels of explosives in the presence of complex matrices
. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom
1994
;8
:527
-32
.8.
Lawrence
A H
. Detection of drug residues on the hands of subjects by surface sampling and ion mobility spectrometry
. Forensic Sci Int
1987
;34
:73
-83
.9.
Karpas
Z
, Pollevoy
Y
. Ion mobility spectrometric studies of organophosphorous compounds
. Analytica Chim Acta
. 1992
;259
:333
-8
.10.
Keenan
F
, Cooke
M
. Detection of low levels of nicotine in air using a portable ion mobility spectrometer
. Anal Proc Including Anal Communications
1994
;31
:27
-9
.11.
Corson
B B
, Stoughton
R W
. J Am Chem Soc
1928
;50
:2825.12.
March
J
. Advanced organic chemistry; reactions, mechanisms and structure
, 4th ed, John Wiley and Sons
, London
1992
.
This content is only available via PDF.
All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ASTM International.
You do not currently have access to this content.
