Pressure and temperature variations of natural gas flows in a pipeline may cause partial gas condensation. Fluid phase behavior and prevailing conditions often make liquid appearance inevitable, which subjects the pipe flow to a higher pressure loss. This study focuses on the hydrodynamic behavior of the common scenarios that may occur in natural gas pipelines. For this purpose, a two-fluid model is used. The expected flow patterns as well as their transitions are modeled with emphasis on the low-liquid loading character of such systems. In addition, the work re-examines previous implementations of two-flow model for gas-condensate flow.

1.
Coulter
,
D. M.
,
1979
, “
New Equation Accurately Predicts Flowing Gas Temperature
,”
Pipeline Industry
,
50
(
5
), pp.
71
73
.
2.
Vincent
,
P. A.
, and
Adewumi
,
M. A.
,
1990
, “
Engineering Design of Gas-Condensate Pipelines With a Compositional Hydrodynamic Model
,”
SPEPE
,
5
(
4
), pp.
381
386
.
3.
Ayala, L. F., 2001, “A Unified Two-Fluid Model for Multiphase Flow in Natural Gas Pipelines,” MS Thesis, Pennsylvania State U., University Park.
4.
Adewumi
,
M. A.
, and
Mucharam
,
L.
,
1990
, “
Compositional Modeling of Gas/Gas-Condensate Dispersed Flow in Gas Pipelines
,”
SPEPE
,
5
(
1
), pp.
85
90
.
5.
Chen
,
N. H.
,
1979
, “
An Explicit Equation for Friction Factor in Pipe
,”
Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam.
,
18
(
3
), pp.
296
297
.
6.
Taitel
,
Y.
, and
Dukler
,
A. E.
,
1976
, “
A Model for Predicting Flow Regime Transitions in Horizontal and Near Horizontal Gas Liquid Flow
,”
AIChE J.
,
22
(
1
), pp.
47
55
.
7.
Chen
,
X.
,
Cai
,
X.
, and
Brill
,
J. P.
,
1997
, “
Gas-Liquid Stratified Wavy Flow in Horizontal Pipelines
,”
ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
,
119
(
4
), pp.
209
216
.
8.
Grolman
,
E.
, and
Fortuin
,
J. M. H.
,
1997
, “
Gas-Liquid Flow in Slightly Inclined Pipes
,”
Chem. Eng. Sci.
,
52
(
24
), pp.
4461
4471
.
9.
Ishii
,
M.
, and
Mishima
,
K.
,
1989
, “
Droplet Entrainment Correlation in Annular Two-Phase Flow
,”
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
,
32
(
10
), pp.
1835
1846
.
10.
Wallis, G. B., 1969, “One-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow,” McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
11.
Hinze
,
J.
,
1955
, “
Fundamentals of the Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Splitting in Dispersion Processes
,”
AIChE J.
,
1
(
3
), pp.
289
295
.
12.
Brauner
,
N.
,
2001
, “
The Prediction of Dispersed Flows Boundaries in Liquid-Liquid and Gas-Liquid Systems
,”
Int. J. Multiphase Flow
,
27
, pp.
885
910
.
13.
Barnea
,
D.
,
1987
, “
A Unified Model for Predicting Flow-Pattern Transitions for the Whole Range of Pipe Inclinations
,”
Int. J. Multiphase Flow
,
13
(
1
), pp.
1
12
.
14.
Baker
,
A.
,
Nielsen
,
K.
, and
Gabb
,
A.
,
1988
, “
Pressure Loss, Liquid Holdup Calculations Developed
,”
Oil & Gas J.
,
86
(
11
), pp.
55
69
.
15.
Meng
,
W.
,
Chen
,
X. T.
,
Kouba
,
G. E.
,
Sarica
,
C.
, and
Brill
,
J. P.
,
2001
, “
Experimental Study of Low Liquid Loading Gas-Liquid Flow in Near-Horizontal Pipes
,”
SPE Prod. Facil.
,
16
(
4
), p.
240
240
.
16.
Cliff, R., Grace, J. R., and Weber, M. E., 1978, “Bubbles, Drops, and Particles,” Academic Press, New York.
17.
Peng
,
D.
, and
Robinson
,
D. B.
,
1976
, “
A New Two-Constant Equation of State
,”
Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam.
,
15
(
1
), pp.
59
64
.
18.
Lorentz
,
J.
,
Bray
,
B.
, and
Clark
,
C.
,
1964
, “
Calculating Viscosities of Reservoir Fluids From Their Composition
,”
JPT, Trans. AIME
, ,
231
, pp.
1171
1176
.
19.
Lee
,
A.
,
Gonzalez
,
M.
, and
Eakin
,
B.
,
1966
, “
The Viscosity of Natural Gases,” JPT
,
Trans. AIME
,
237
, pp.
997
1000
.
20.
Katz, D., et al., 1959, “Handbook of Natural Gas Engineering,” McGraw Hill, New York, p. 125.
21.
Passut
,
C.
, and
Danner
,
R.
,
1972
, “
Correlation of Ideal Gas Enthalpy, Heat Capacity, and Entropy
,”
Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev.
,
11
(
4
), pp.
543
546
.
22.
Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., and Flannery, B. P., 1994, “Numerical Recipes in Fortran: The Art of Scientific Computing,” Cambridge University Press, Second edition, pp. 701–716.
23.
Cash
,
J. R.
, and
Karp
,
A. H.
,
1990
, “
A Variable Order Runge-Kutta Method for Initial Value Problems With Rapidly Varying Right-Hand Sides
,”
ACM Trans. Math. Softw.
,
16
, pp.
201
222
.
24.
Mucharam, L., 1990, “One-Dimensional Compositional Modeling of Gas and Condensate Flow in Pipelines,” PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State U., University Park.
25.
Furukawa
,
H.
,
Shoham
,
O.
, and
Brill
,
J. P.
,
1986
, “
Predicting Compositional Two-Phase Flow Behavior in Pipelines
,”
ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
,
108
, pp.
207
210
.
You do not currently have access to this content.