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TECHNICAL PAPERS

Simulation of the Distortion of Long Steel Profiles During Cooling

[+] Author and Article Information
Robert Pietzsch

Institut für Strömungstechnik und Thermodynamik, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germanyr.pietzsch@fh-sm.de

Miroslaw Brzoza

Institut für Strömungstechnik und Thermodynamik, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germanymiroslaw.brzoza@vst.uni-magdeburg.de

Yalçin Kaymak

Institut für Strömungstechnik und Thermodynamik, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germanyyalcin.kaymak@student.uni-magdeburg.de

Eckehard Specht

Institut für Strömungstechnik und Thermodynamik, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germanyeckehard.specht@vst.uni-magdeburg.de

Albrecht Bertram

Institut für Mechanik, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, GermanyBertram@mb.uni-magdeburg.de

J. Appl. Mech 74(3), 427-437 (May 21, 2006) (11 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2338050 History: Received September 28, 2005; Revised May 21, 2006

Abstract

A complex thermomechanical model for simulating the transient fields of the temperature, microstructure, stress, strain, and displacement during quenching of steel profiles is introduced. The thermoplastic material model is formulated on the basis of $J2$-plasticity theory with a temperature- and phase fraction-dependent yield limit. Coupling effects such as dissipation, phase transformation enthalpy, and transformation-induced plasticity are considered. The validity of the model is verified by comparing the simulation results with available experimental measurements. The introduced model serves as a basis for optimizing the cooling conditions for reducing residual stresses and distortions. The simulation results for $T$ and $L$ profiles of two different types of steel are described.

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Figures

Figure 9

Evolution of plastic zones during cooling of T profile

Figure 10

Dissipation (bottom) and corresponding internal heat generation (top)

Figure 11

Finite-element mesh and geometric dimension in (mm) of L profile

Figure 12

Behavior of state variables during the cooling of L profiles

Figure 13

Residual axial stress in the L profile after the cooling

Figure 14

Schematic representation of cooling strategy

Figure 15

The distortion of L profiles for different cooling conditions (according to Eq. 32)

Figure 1

Equilibrium microstructure fraction for C45 steel

Figure 2

Avrami constant of transformation kinetics

Figure 3

The shaft (α=450W∕m2∕K) and the disk (α=200W∕m2∕K) with the quenching nozzle field

Figure 4

Calculated and measured temperature profiles for the bigger shaft

Figure 5

Calculated and measured internal stresses for the bigger shaft

Figure 6

Measured and calculated distortion profiles for the bigger disk

Figure 7

Finite-element mesh and geometric dimension in (mm) of T profile

Figure 8

The residual axial stress in the T profile after cooling

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